1,081 research outputs found
Informationsmanagement und Transformationsaufwand im Gebäudemanagement [online]
Die Informationsverarbeitung hat in modernen Industriegesellschaften einen zentralen
Stellenwert. Aktuelle Informationen bilden für jede Entscheidung und jeden
Prozessablauf eine wichtige Grundlage für eine sinnvolle und effiziente Leistungserbringung.
Vorteilig wirkt sich dabei aus, dass Informationen beliebig vermehrbar
sind ohne verbraucht zu werden. In der Praxis stellen sie allerdings eine Restriktion
dar, wenn der Informationsbedarf ungewollt oder bewusst nicht entsprechend den
Nutzungsanforderungen zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Informationen haben somit
einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf den Grad und Qualität der Arbeitsteilung innerhalb
von Organisationen und Volkswirtschaften.
Diese Erkenntnis ist in den vergangenen Jahren von der Wissenschaft verstärkt
thematisiert worden. Das Ergebnis lässt sich diesbezüglich in den zahlreichen
Bibliographien ablesen, die Konzepte zur Informationsverarbeitung beschreiben. Gemeinsam
ist den Veröffentlichungen, dass sie den theoretisch optimalen Endzustand
der Informationsverarbeitung darstellen ohne Bezug auf die Realisierung in situ zu
nehmen. Charakterisierend ist, dass die Realisierung regelmäßig als \u27Projekt\u27 bezeichnet
wird und damit der zeitliche und personelle Rahmen fixiert ist. Unberücksichtigt
bleibt die vorhandene Informationsverarbeitung, die in Organisationen über
Jahre gewachsen ist und von den Mitgliedern verinnerlicht wurde.
Innerhalb der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Konzepte zur Informationsverarbeitung
nicht weiter fortgeschrieben. Die Forschungsarbeit konzentriert sich auf die Realisierung
der Konzepte unter realen Bedingungen. Dazu wird im ersten Schritt ein integrales
Informationsmanagement als Managementsystem erarbeitet, wie es nach der
Evaluierung der Anforderungen aus der aufgabenübergreifenden Informationsverarbeitung
definiert ist. Darüber hinaus wird die organisatorische Einbindung entwickelt,
um die erforderliche Akzeptanz und Praxisorientierung zu gewährleisten.
Zur erstmaligen Erreichung des Zielsystems beinhaltet die Arbeit ein Realisierungskonzept,
das auch spätere Anpassungsmaßnahmen berücksichtigt. Das Konzept
beinhaltet Handlungshilfen zur Identifikation von Daten und Prozessen, zur Realisierung
einer einheitlichen Daten- und Prozessbasis sowie zur Modellierung des
SOLL-Systems unter der Berücksichtigung realer Bedingungen. Die erforderliche
deskriptive Darstellung, die die existierenden/notwendigen Daten und Prozesse
organisationsspezifisch und synoptisch abbildet, wird hergeleitet und begründet.
Abschließend wird der zeitliche Transformationsaufwand zur Umsetzung des entwickelten
Realisierungskonzeptes auf Basis von wissenschaftlich begleiteten Reorganisationsmaßnahmen
an der Universität Karlsruhe dargestellt und analysiert.
Der abgeleitete Berechnungsansatz soll den interessierten und kritischen Leser bei
der Planung von vergleichbaren Maßnahmen unterstützen
Riemannian tangent space mapping and elastic net regularization for cost-effective EEG markers of brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease
The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in routine clinical practice is
most commonly based on subjective clinical interpretations. Quantitative
electroencephalography (QEEG) measures have been shown to reflect
neurodegenerative processes in AD and might qualify as affordable and thereby
widely available markers to facilitate the objectivization of AD assessment.
Here, we present a novel framework combining Riemannian tangent space mapping
and elastic net regression for the development of brain atrophy markers. While
most AD QEEG studies are based on small sample sizes and psychological test
scores as outcome measures, here we train and test our models using data of one
of the largest prospective EEG AD trials ever conducted, including MRI
biomarkers of brain atrophy.Comment: Presented at NIPS 2017 Workshop on Machine Learning for Healt
Origin and transformation of light hydrocarbons ascending at an active pockmark on Vestnesa Ridge, Arctic Ocean
We report on the geochemistry of hydrocarbons and pore waters down to 62.5 mbsf, collected by drilling with the MARUM‐MeBo70 and by gravity coring at the Lunde pockmark in the Vestnesa Ridge. Our data document the origin and transformations of volatiles feeding gas emissions previously documented in this region. Gas hydrates are present where a fracture network beneath the pockmark focusses migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons characterized by their C1/C2+ and stable isotopic compositions (δ2H‐CH4, δ13C‐CH4). Measured geothermal gradients (~80°C km‐1) and known formation temperatures (>70°C) suggest that those hydrocarbons are formed at depths >800 mbsf.
A combined analytical/modeling approach, including concentration and isotopic mass balances, reveals that pockmark sediments experience diffuse migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons. However, at sites without channeled flow this appears to be limited to depths > ~50 mbsf. At all sites we document a contribution of microbial methanogenesis to the overall carbon cycle that includes a component of secondary carbonate reduction (CR) – i.e. reduction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) generated by anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in the uppermost methanogenic zone. AOM and CR rates are spatially variable within the pockmark and are highest at high‐flux sites. These reactions are revealed by δ13C‐DIC depletions at the sulfate‐methane interface at all sites. However, δ13C‐CH4 depletions are only observed at the low methane flux sites because changes in the isotopic composition of the overall methane pool are masked at high‐flux sites. 13C‐depletions of TOC suggest that at seeps sites, methane‐derived carbon is incorporated into de novo synthesized biomass
Inhomogeneous Metal Distribution in the Intra-Cluster Medium
The hot gas that fills the space between galaxies in clusters is rich in
metals. In their large potential wells, galaxy clusters accumulate metals over
the whole cluster history and hence they retain important information on
cluster formation and evolution. We use a sample of 5 cool core clusters to
study the distribution of metals in the ICM. We investigate whether the X-ray
observations yield good estimates for the metal mass and whether the heavy
elements abundances are consistent with a certain relative fraction of SN Ia to
SNCC. We derive detailed metallicity maps of the clusters from XMM - Newton
observations and we use them as a measure for the metal mass in the ICM. We
determine radial profiles for several elements and using population synthesis
and chemical enrichment models, we study the agreement between the measured
abundances and the theoretical yields. We show that even in relaxed clusters
the distribution of metals show a lot of inhomogeneities. Using metal maps
usually gives a metal mass 10-30% higher than the metal mass computed using a
single extraction region, hence it is expected that most previous metal mass
determination have underestimated metal mass. The abundance ratio of
{\alpha}-elements to Fe, even in the central parts of clusters, are consistent
with an enrichment due to the combination of SN Ia and SNCC
Long-term unsupervised mobility assessment in movement disorders
Mobile health technologies (wearable, portable, body-fixed sensors, or domestic-integrated devices) that quantify mobility in unsupervised, daily living environments are emerging as complementary clinical assessments. Data
collected in these ecologically valid, patient-relevant settings can overcome limitations of conventional clinical assessments, as they capture fluctuating and rare events. These data could support clinical decision making and could also serve as outcomes in clinical trials. However, studies that directly compared assessments made in unsupervised and supervised (eg, in the laboratory or hospital) settings point to large disparities, even in the same parameters of mobility. These differences appear to be affected by psychological, physiological, cognitive, environmental, and technical factors, and by the types of mobilities and diagnoses assessed. To facilitate the successful adaptation of the unsupervised assessment of mobility into clinical practice and clinical trials, clinicians and researchers should consider these disparities and the multiple factors that contribute to them
Suppression of quantum oscillations and the dependence on site energies in electronic excitation transfer in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson trimer
Energy transfer in the photosynthetic complex of the Green Sulfur Bacteria
known as the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex is studied theoretically taking
all three subunits (monomers) of the FMO trimer and the recently found eighth
bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) molecule into account. We find that in all
considered cases there is very little transfer between the monomers. Since it
is believed that the eighth BChl is located near the main light harvesting
antenna we look at the differences in transfer between the situation when BChl
8 is initially excited and the usually considered case when BChl 1 or 6 is
initially excited. We find strong differences in the transfer dynamics, both
qualitatively and quantitatively. When the excited state dynamics is
initialized at site eight of the FMO complex, we see a slow exponential-like
decay of the excitation. This is in contrast to the oscillations and a
relatively fast transfer that occurs when only seven sites or initialization at
sites 1 and 6 is considered. Additionally we show that differences in the
values of the electronic transition energies found in the literature lead to a
large difference in the transfer dynamics
Metal enrichment processes
There are many processes that can transport gas from the galaxies to their
environment and enrich the environment in this way with metals. These metal
enrichment processes have a large influence on the evolution of both the
galaxies and their environment. Various processes can contribute to the gas
transfer: ram-pressure stripping, galactic winds, AGN outflows, galaxy-galaxy
interactions and others. We review their observational evidence, corresponding
simulations, their efficiencies, and their time scales as far as they are known
to date. It seems that all processes can contribute to the enrichment. There is
not a single process that always dominates the enrichment, because the
efficiencies of the processes vary strongly with galaxy and environmental
properties.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Space Science
Reviews, special issue "Clusters of galaxies: beyond the thermal view",
Editor J.S. Kaastra, Chapter 17; work done by an international team at the
International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, organised by J.S.
Kaastra, A.M. Bykov, S. Schindler & J.A.M. Bleeke
Upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves from PSR J1939+2134
The first science run of the LIGO and GEO gravitational wave detectors
presented the opportunity to test methods of searching for gravitational waves
from known pulsars. Here we present new direct upper limits on the strength of
waves from the pulsar PSR J1939+2134 using two independent analysis methods,
one in the frequency domain using frequentist statistics and one in the time
domain using Bayesian inference. Both methods show that the strain amplitude at
Earth from this pulsar is less than a few times .Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the Proceedings of the 5th Edoardo
Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, Tirrenia, Pisa, Italy, 6-11 July
200
Improving the sensitivity to gravitational-wave sources by modifying the input-output optics of advanced interferometers
We study frequency dependent (FD) input-output schemes for signal-recycling
interferometers, the baseline design of Advanced LIGO and the current
configuration of GEO 600. Complementary to a recent proposal by Harms et al. to
use FD input squeezing and ordinary homodyne detection, we explore a scheme
which uses ordinary squeezed vacuum, but FD readout. Both schemes, which are
sub-optimal among all possible input-output schemes, provide a global noise
suppression by the power squeeze factor, while being realizable by using
detuned Fabry-Perot cavities as input/output filters. At high frequencies, the
two schemes are shown to be equivalent, while at low frequencies our scheme
gives better performance than that of Harms et al., and is nearly fully
optimal. We then study the sensitivity improvement achievable by these schemes
in Advanced LIGO era (with 30-m filter cavities and current estimates of
filter-mirror losses and thermal noise), for neutron star binary inspirals, and
for narrowband GW sources such as low-mass X-ray binaries and known radio
pulsars. Optical losses are shown to be a major obstacle for the actual
implementation of these techniques in Advanced LIGO. On time scales of
third-generation interferometers, like EURO/LIGO-III (~2012), with
kilometer-scale filter cavities, a signal-recycling interferometer with the FD
readout scheme explored in this paper can have performances comparable to
existing proposals. [abridged]Comment: Figs. 9 and 12 corrected; Appendix added for narrowband data analysi
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